جایگاه پیشگیری در شریعت اسلامی و بازتاب آن در قوانین کیفری افغانستان

هدیت‌الله  نبی‌پور; محمود حبیبی تبار; مهدی   اسماعیلی

Authors

Hedayatollah Nabipour PhD Student, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1323-4774
Mahmoud Habibi Tabar Department of Law, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Corresponding author https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8742-3994
Mahdi Esmaeli Department of Law, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0575-1404

Keywords:

Prevention, Islamic Sharia, Afghan criminal law, legitimate defense, security measures

Abstract

The present study aims to elucidate the status of prevention in Islamic Sharia and its reflection in the criminal laws of Afghanistan, with particular emphasis on legislative developments during the period of the Islamic Emirate. Prevention refers to a set of legal, supervisory, and executive measures undertaken to identify, assess, and neutralize threats before the commission of a crime. Employing a descriptive-analytical method and drawing on library and documentary sources, this study examines the jurisprudential foundations of prevention in Islamic Sharia, with emphasis on principles such as the prevention of probable harm, the la darar (no-harm) principle, and the institutions of hisbah and enjoining good and forbidding evil. It further analyzes the reflection of these principles in Afghanistan’s statutory laws during both the previous legal periods (the 1976 Penal Code and its 2017 amendment) and the current period (the Penal Principles Regulation and the laws currently in force under the Islamic Emirate). The findings indicate that Islamic Sharia provides substantial and systematic capacities for crime prevention and that Afghanistan’s legal system, during both periods, has recognized valuable institutions inspired by these teachings. Nevertheless, the structural transformation of the legal system from parliamentary legislation to a Sharia-based administrative system under the Islamic Emirate has both created new opportunities for institutionalizing preventive approaches grounded in Hanafi jurisprudence and generated new challenges concerning the balance among Sharia, statutory law, and citizens’ rights. The study concludes that achieving sustainable and legitimate prevention in Afghanistan requires attention to areas for further development, including greater coherence within the legislative framework, the formulation of objective criteria for determining key Sharia concepts, and the establishment of an effective system of judicial oversight over preventive measures. Such objectives may be achieved by drawing on the capacities of Hanafi jurisprudence and through the participation of religious, local, and other relevant institutions.

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